Introduction to the Gospels: Jesus is the Only Way To God

Introduction to the Gospels: Jesus is the Only Way To God

Collin Leong. September 14, 2025


1. Historical Summary

The New Testament has four Gospels. Each Gospel offers a unique theological lens: 
  • Matthew: Jesus as the Jewish Messiah

  • Mark: Jesus as the suffering servant

  • Luke: Jesus as the compassionate Savior

  • John: Jesus as the divine Son of God


Oral Tradition: Before being written, the stories of Jesus circulated orally. Luke even references earlier written sources (Luke 1:1–4). 

Early Church Fathers, especially St. Irenaeus of Lyon, interpreted the living creatures in Ezekiel 1:10 (man, lion, ox, eagle) as representations of the four Evangelists. He connected each symbol to the unique theological emphasis of each Gospel:

EvangelistSymbolRepresents
Matthew      Man/Angel         Jesus’ humanity and Incarnation
Mark      Lion        Jesus’ royal dignity and resurrection power
Luke          Ox        Jesus’ sacrificial role and priestly mission
John      Eagle        Jesus’ divinity and heavenly perspective

This symbolic grouping is known as the Tetramorph, a fourfold image often seen in Christian art, stained glass, and illuminated manuscripts

Canonical Unity: Though distinct, the four Gospels together form a complete and multifaceted portrait of Jesus.

These are the historical information about the four Gospels:

a) Gospel of Matthew

  • Author:  Matthew, also known as Levi, a former tax collector and one of the Twelve Apostles.

  • Background: Jewish, likely well-versed in Hebrew Scriptures. His Gospel reflects deep knowledge of Jewish law and prophecy.

  • Audience: Primarily Jewish Christians. Matthew emphasizes Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

  • Date of Writing: Estimated between AD 70–90, possibly after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple.

  • Literary Style:

    • Structured around five major discourses, echoing the Pentateuch.

    • Frequent use of fulfillment formulas: “This was to fulfill what was spoken…”

    • Rich in parables and teachings (e.g., Sermon on the Mount).

  • Death: Tradition holds that Matthew was martyred in Ethiopia, possibly by stabbing.


b) Gospel of Mark

  • Author:  John Mark, a companion of Peter and Paul. Not one of the Twelve but closely connected to apostolic circles.

  • Background: Jewish Christian, possibly from Jerusalem. His Gospel reflects Peter’s eyewitness testimony.

  • Audience: Likely Roman Gentile Christians, facing persecution and needing encouragement.

  • Date of Writing: Around AD 60–70, possibly the earliest Gospel.

  • Literary Style:

    • Fast-paced, vivid, action-oriented.

    • Frequent use of “immediately” (Greek: euthys).

    • Sparse on long teachings; focuses on deeds and miracles.

  • Death: Tradition suggests Mark was martyred in Alexandria, Egypt.


c) Gospel of Luke

  • Author: Luke, a Gentile physician and companion of Paul. Also wrote the Book of Acts.

  • Background: Educated, likely Greek-speaking. His writing shows concern for historical accuracy and social inclusion.

  • Audience: Gentile Christians, especially Greek converts. Luke emphasizes Jesus as Savior of all people.

  • Date of Writing: Estimated AD 70–90, possibly after Mark and around the same time as Matthew.

  • Literary Style:

    • Elegant Greek, polished narrative.

    • Emphasis on marginalized groups: women, poor, outcasts.

    • Rich in parables (e.g., Prodigal Son, Good Samaritan).

  • Death: Tradition says Luke died at age 84, possibly martyred in Greece.


d) Gospel of John

  • Author:  John the Apostle, “the beloved disciple.” Also credited with Revelation and three epistles.

  • Background: Fisherman turned apostle; part of Jesus’ inner circle. His Gospel reflects deep theological insight.

  • Audience: Mixed audience—Jewish and Gentile Christians, likely in Asia Minor.

  • Date of Writing: Around AD 90–100, the latest of the four.

  • Literary Style:

    • Poetic, symbolic, philosophical.

    • Emphasis on Jesus’ divine nature: “In the beginning was the Word…”

    • Fewer miracles, but deeply theological (e.g., “I am” statements).

  • Death: According to tradition, John died of natural causes in Ephesus, the only apostle not martyred.


2. Key Messages

1. God’s Love and Grace Are for Everyone

Message: The Gospels reveal a God who loves unconditionally and offers grace to all, regardless of background, status, or sin.

“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” — John 3:16

Application:

  • Embrace your worth—God’s love is not earned, it’s received.
  • Extend grace to others, especially those society overlooks.
  • Let love be your starting point in relationships and decisions.

2. Jesus Is the Way to Salvation

Message: Jesus is not just a teacher or prophet—He is the Son of God, the Savior who reconciles humanity to God through His death and resurrection.

“I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.” — John 14:6

Application:

  • Trust in Jesus as your source of hope and direction.
  • Live with the confidence that your past doesn’t define your future.
  • Share the message of salvation with humility and compassion.

3. The Kingdom of God Is Here and Coming

Message: Jesus inaugurated a new reality—the Kingdom of God—where justice, mercy, and righteousness reign. It’s both present and future.

“The time has come,” he said. “The kingdom of God has come near. Repent and believe the good news!” — Mark 1:15

Application:

  • Live as a citizen of God’s kingdom: pursue justice, peace, and mercy.
  • Be a change agent in your community—reflect kingdom values.
  • Anticipate the fullness of God’s reign with hope and perseverance.

4. Discipleship Is a Call to Radical Living

Message: Following Jesus means surrendering comfort, status, and self-interest to live a life of purpose, service, and sacrifice.

“Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow me.” — Luke 9:23

Application:

  • Make choices that reflect your faith, even when it’s inconvenient.
  • Serve others generously, especially when it costs you something.
  • Let go of ego and embrace humility in leadership and relationships.

5. Forgiveness and Reconciliation Are Central

Message: Jesus taught and modeled forgiveness—not just as a virtue, but as a way of life that heals and restores.

“Forgive, and you will be forgiven.” — Luke 6:37

Application:

  • Release grudges and choose reconciliation over resentment.
  • Seek forgiveness when you’ve wronged others.
  • Create space for healing in your family, friendships, and community.

6. Faith Transforms Lives

Message: Faith isn’t just belief—it’s trust that leads to transformation. Jesus consistently honored those who believed in Him.

“Your faith has healed you.” — Mark 5:34

Application:

  • Cultivate a faith that acts—pray, serve, and step out boldly.
  • Trust God in uncertainty, knowing He sees the whole picture.
  • Encourage others in their faith journey with grace and truth.


C. Framework

1. Early Life and Preparation for Ministry

Event

Gospel References

  • Genealogy of Jesus
  • Matthew 1:1–17; Luke 3:23–38
  • Announcement to Zechariah (John the Baptist’s father)
  • Luke 1:5–25
  • Announcement to Mary
  • Luke 1:26–38
  • Mary visits Elizabeth
  • Luke 1:39–56
  • Birth of John the Baptist
  • Luke 1:57–80
  • Joseph’s dream and angelic message
  • Matthew 1:18–25
  • Birth of Jesus
  • Luke 2:1–7; Matthew 1:25
  • Visit of the shepherds
  • Luke 2:8–20
  • Circumcision and presentation in the temple
  • Luke 2:21–38
  • Visit of the Magi
  • Matthew 2:1–12
  • Flight to Egypt and return to Nazareth
  • Matthew 2:13–23
  • Jesus at age 12 in the temple
  • Luke 2:41–52
  • John the Baptist’s ministry begins
  • Matthew 3:1–12; Mark 1:1–8; Luke 3:1–18; John 1:6–8, 19–28
  • Baptism of Jesus
  • Matthew 3:13–17; Mark 1:9–11; Luke 3:21–22; John 1:29–34
  • Temptation in the wilderness
  • Matthew 4:1–11; Mark 1:12–13; Luke 4:1–13

2. Jesus’ Public Ministry (Chronological Framework)

a) Year 1: Inauguration and Early Ministry

Event

Gospel References

  • Calling of first disciples
  • Matthew 4:18–22; Mark 1:16–20; Luke 5:1–11; John 1:35–51
  • Wedding at Cana (first miracle)
  • John 2:1–11
  • First cleansing of the temple
  • John 2:13–22
  • Conversation with Nicodemus
  • John 3:1–21
  • Jesus and John the Baptist’s ministries overlap
  • John 3:22–36
  • Jesus speaks to the Samaritan woman
  • John 4:1–42
  • Healing of official’s son in Cana
  • John 4:46–54
  • Rejection at Nazareth
  • Luke 4:16–30
  • Healing of demon-possessed man in synagogue
  • Mark 1:21–28; Luke 4:31–37
  • Healing of Peter’s mother-in-law
  • Matthew 8:14–15; Mark 1:29–31; Luke 4:38–39
  • Many healings and casting out demons
  • Matthew 8:16–17; Mark 1:32–34; Luke 4:40–41
  • Jesus preaches throughout Galilee
  • Matthew 4:23–25; Mark 1:35–39; Luke 4:42–44

b) Year 2: Growing Crowds and Rising Opposition

Event

Gospel References

  • Healing of a paralytic (lowered through roof)
  • Matthew 9:1–8; Mark 2:1–12; Luke 5:17–26
  • Calling of Matthew (Levi)
  • Matthew 9:9–13; Mark 2:13–17; Luke 5:27–32
  • Sermon on the Mount
  • Matthew 5–7; Luke 6:17–49 (parallel teachings)
  • Healing of centurion’s servant
  • Matthew 8:5–13; Luke 7:1–10
  • Raising of widow’s son at Nain
  • Luke 7:11–17
  • Jesus calms the storm
  • Matthew 8:23–27; Mark 4:35–41; Luke 8:22–25
  • Healing of demon-possessed man (Legion)
  • Matthew 8:28–34; Mark 5:1–20; Luke 8:26–39
  • Healing of woman with bleeding and Jairus’ daughter
  • Matthew 9:18–26; Mark 5:21–43; Luke 8:40–56
  • Sending out the Twelve
  • Matthew 10:1–42; Mark 6:7–13; Luke 9:1–6
  • Feeding of the 5,000
  • Matthew 14:13–21; Mark 6:30–44; Luke 9:10–17; John 6:1–15
  • Walking on water
  • Matthew 14:22–33; Mark 6:45–52; John 6:16–21

c) Year 3: Intensified Conflict and Final Journey to Jerusalem

Event

Gospel References

  • Feeding of the 4,000
  • Matthew 15:32–39; Mark 8:1–10
  • Peter’s confession of Christ
  • Matthew 16:13–20; Mark 8:27–30; Luke 9:18–21
  • Transfiguration
  • Matthew 17:1–13; Mark 9:2–13; Luke 9:28–36
  • Raising of Lazarus
  • John 11:1–44
  • Jesus blesses children
  • Matthew 19:13–15; Mark 10:13–16; Luke 18:15–17
  • Rich young ruler
  • Matthew 19:16–30; Mark 10:17–31; Luke 18:18–30
  • Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
  • Matthew 21:1–11; Mark 11:1–10; Luke 19:28–40; John 12:12–19
  • Second cleansing of the temple
  • Matthew 21:12–17; Mark 11:15–19; Luke 19:45–48
  • Teaching in the temple and confrontations
  • Matthew 21–23; Mark 11–12; Luke 20
  • Olivet Discourse (end times prophecy)
  • Matthew 24–25; Mark 13; Luke 21

3.  Passion Week and Resurrection

a) The Last Supper and Betrayal

Event

Gospel References

  • Preparation for Passover
  • Matthew 26:17–19; Mark 14:12–16; Luke 22:7–13
  • Jesus washes disciples’ feet
  • John 13:1–20
  • Last Supper and institution of communion
  • Matthew 26:20–29; Mark 14:17–25; Luke 22:14–23
  • Jesus predicts betrayal and denial
  • Matthew 26:21–25, 31–35; Mark 14:18–21, 27–31; Luke 22:21–34; John 13:21–38
  • Farewell discourse and prayer
  • John 14–17

b) Gethsemane and Arrest

Event

Gospel References

  • Prayer in Gethsemane
  • Matthew 26:36–46; Mark 14:32–42; Luke 22:39–46
  • Jesus is betrayed and arrested
  • Matthew 26:47–56; Mark 14:43–50; Luke 22:47–53; John 18:1–11

c) Trials and Condemnation

Event

Gospel References

  • Jesus before the Sanhedrin
  • Matthew 26:57–68; Mark 14:53–65; Luke 22:63–71; John 18:12–24
  • Peter’s denial
  • Matthew 26:69–75; Mark 14:66–72; Luke 22:54–62; John 18:15–18, 25–27
  • Jesus before Pilate
  • Matthew 27:11–26; Mark 15:1–15; Luke 23:1–25; John 18:28–40; 19:1–16
  • Jesus before Herod (only in Luke)
  • Luke 23:6–12
  • Mocking and scourging
  • Matthew 27:27–31; Mark 15:16–20; Luke 22:63–65; John 19:1–3

d) Crucifixion and Burial

Event

Gospel References

  • Journey to Golgotha
  • Matthew 27:32–34; Mark 15:21–23; Luke 23:26–32; John 19:17
  • Crucifixion
  • Matthew 27:35–44; Mark 15:24–32; Luke 23:33–43; John 19:18–27
  • Death of Jesus
  • Matthew 27:45–56; Mark 15:33–41; Luke 23:44–49; John 19:28–30
  • Burial of Jesus
  • Matthew 27:57–61; Mark 15:42–47; Luke 23:50–56; John 19:38–42

e) Resurrection and Appearances

Event

Gospel References

  • Women visit the tomb
  • Matthew 28:1–8; Mark 16:1–8; Luke 24:1–8; John 20:1–2
  • Peter and John run to the tomb
  • Luke 24:12; John 20:3–10
  • Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene
  • John 20:11–18; Mark 16:9
  • Jesus appears to other women
  • Matthew 28:9–10
  • Guards bribed to lie
  • Matthew 28:11–15
  • Road to Emmaus
  • Luke 24:13–35; Mark 16:12–13
  • Jesus appears to disciples (without Thomas)
  • Luke 24:36–43; John 20:19–23
  • Jesus appears to disciples (with Thomas)
  • John 20:24–29
  • Jesus appears at Sea of Galilee
  • John 21:1–14
  • Great Commission
  • Matthew 28:16–20; Mark 16:15–18
  • Ascension
  • Luke 24:50–53; Mark 16:19; Acts 1:9–11




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